XOR is a computer puzzle game created by Astral Software and published by Logotron in 1987 for a range of platforms including the Acorn Electron, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. It has since been unofficially remade for platforms including Windows, Apple Macintosh, Linux, RISC OS, the SAM Coupé, the Game Boy Advance, and Uzebox.

XOR MACs: New Methods for Message Authentication Using Finite Pseudorandom Functions
Improved Garbled Circuit: Free XOR Gates and Applications
Improved Garbled Circuit: Free XOR Gates and Applications
Improved Garbled Circuit: Free XOR Gates and Applications
Pseudorandom generators without the XOR Lemma (extended abstract)
A peer-to-peer information system based on the XOR metric
Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric
Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric
P = BPP if E requires exponential circuits:derandomizing the XOR lemma
${rm P}={rm BPP}$ if ${rm E}$ requires exponential circuits: derandomizing the XOR lemma.