名詞 shortening:

1. fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods
2. act of decreasing in length

動詞 shorten:

1. make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration
   同義詞：shorten
2. reduce in scope while retaining essential elements
   同義詞：abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce
3. make short or shorter
   同義詞：shorten
4. become short or shorter
   同義詞：shorten
5. edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate
   同義詞：bowdlerize, bowdlerise, expurgate, castrate, shorten

1. Dough or paste consisting primarily of flour, water, and shortening that is baked and often used as a crust for foods such as pies and tarts.
   油酥面團(tuán)烘烤過的，主要由面粉、水和松棧油脂構(gòu)成的且常用作餡餅或果餡餅等食物的外殼的面團(tuán)或面糊
2. Surgical shortening or reshaping of the nose.
   鼻部整形術(shù)外科手術(shù)中鼻子的整形或截短
3. All the clerks balloted for shortening the office hours.
   全體職員投票贊成縮短辦公時間。
4. An abnormal, often permanent shortening, as of muscle or scar tissue, that results in distortion or deformity, especially of a joint of the body.
   攣縮一種異常且常為永久性的縮短，如肌肉或瘢痕組織，會導(dǎo)致扭曲或變形，特別是身體關(guān)節(jié)處